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Accounting Glossary
Accounting Glossary

A definition helps us understand and decide. Discover the concepts that will help you to keep your accounting record successfully.

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Written by Rocío
Updated over a week ago

[A]

Active

These are the assets and rights of a company. They can be tangible (machinery, real estate, etc.) or intangible (brand, patents, etc.). The assets are subject to amortization and are expected to provide new benefits and returns in the future. Therefore, an asset is accounted for through the acquisition amount and the monthly amount that implies amortization.

Amortization

Reflects the consumption of an asset or liability throughout its useful life. By including that consumption (cost) in the accounting, you will know the real value of your assets and how much remains to cancel the acquisition of a liability (interest and annuity).

Accounting entry

It is a set of annotations or notes that are made in the Daily Book. They are used to record any economic fact that modifies the assets of your company and therefore generates a movement in the accounting accounts. Each entry is made up of at least two key notations: the debit and the credit. To make sure that the transaction has been registered correctly, verify that the sum between both entries is equal to zero.

[B]

Balance Sheet

This report gives you a snapshot of your company's financial and economic status, as it summarizes all of an organization's assets, debts, and capital in a given accounting period. It reflects the relationship between the assets of the company and, together with the Profit and Loss account and the memory, constitute the annual accounts.

[C]

Chart of accounts

It is the set of accounting accounts registered and classified as stipulated in the General Accounting Plan (PGC). It is in the form of a list and details the essential information about each account: name, accounting group to which it belongs, debit, credit and balance. At Holded, the chart of accounts adapts to the activity and legal structure that you have indicated when creating your account.

account

It is the record that groups all economic transactions of the same nature in chronological order. They are usually differentiated according to whether they affect the assets, liabilities or net worth of the company. In the accounts chart, each account is listed with its corresponding number, group, debit, credit, and balance. So you can quickly know the status of each account quickly.

Profit and loss account

the income and expense items for the year, giving rise to a result. It allows you to observe the annual evolution of your business, since it relates the total income and expenses of an accounting year. Thanks to the results provided by this account, you will obtain key information for managing your finances.

Expense and sales accounts

Expense accounts are used to record a company's purchases and are categorized into asset, liability, net worth, and management accounts. Sales accounts, on the other hand, are used to record the sales operations and income of a company. In the General Accounting Plan (PGC), Group 06 gathers the expense accounts and Group 07 the sales accounts.

[E]

entries and exits

It will allow you to analyze the inputs (income) and the outputs (expenses) of money corresponding to a certain date. And, once you have registered your banks in Holded, you will also be able to view them according to each bank and bank account with which you operate. Being an income statement, you will find it in the Finance report.

[I]

Taxes

They are a type of tax that is established by law and is mandatory for the taxpayer and without compensation. They are classified in various ways, but one of the most used is the difference between direct taxes and indirect taxes.

Direct taxes

Are those taxes that are borne by the individual or legal entity that settles the tax (taxpayer), such as corporation tax, wealth tax and the income tax.

Indirect taxes

Are those taxes that a person must pay for the fact of consuming or using something, such as the Value Added Tax (VAT) that taxes goods and services that are consumed by families.

[L]

Journal

It is a mandatory accounting document to write down all the economic transactions that your company carries out on a day-to-day basis (accounting entries). It will help you to keep an orderly record of expenses, debts and profits, and to reconstruct the economic history of your company.

Ledger

It is used to record all the movements of each ledger account of the company separately. It is used to know the balance of each accounting account and, although it is not a mandatory document, it is recommended to use it, since it allows you to see the financial status of the company.

[M]

Tax models

These are forms used to file tax returns before the Tax Agency and detail information on the economic operations of a company or professional. Although there is a wide variety of models, the most frequently used are those linked to VAT, personal income tax and corporate taxes.

[N]

Automatic seat numbering

According to current regulations in Spain, all accounting movements generated during a fiscal period are recorded in the Daily Book. The entry of each of these movements is called an accounting entry and is made following a chronological order and associating a specific number with each entry. In Holded, said numbering is done automatically from the date on which the accounting movement was recorded in the Journal (entry date) which, in turn, may or may not coincide with the date indicated in the document supporting the transaction. movement (sales invoice, expense, etc.).

[P]

Passive

These are the commitments and obligations of a company. It is, for example, the money that a bank lends to your company and is returned with interest. Current liabilities are those that are repaid in the short term, while non-current liabilities are those that are repaid in the long term.

Net worth

It is the difference between the asset and the liability. That is, between what you have and what you owe. Net worth is usually made up of the capital and resources contributed by the partners and the benefits generated by the company's activity.

[S]

Sums and balances (balance)

Also called the Trial Balance, the Sums and Balances balance will show you the credit and debit balances of all your ledger accounts for a given period. It will help you see if there are any errors in the Journal accounts.

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